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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa You've probably heard that different types produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile and are often used in blends of beans to give them added depth. Arabica Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing techniques employed to produce it. The word “coffee” is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energized after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe. Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are able to thrive when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is frequently preferred to create a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market. Robusta Robusta beans are the second most sought-after kind of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors. The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate. Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee, it's likely that there's some robusta as well. While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, most do mix the two varieties to cut costs and ensure the quality. In order to preserve the quality of the flavor, it's important to choose a high-quality bean from a source that you can trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer. Liberica Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped that makes them different from other coffee bean varieties. They have a smell that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper and more robust flavor. Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta. These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall. Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a separate species but is now classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a unique depth of flavor. Excelsa Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were regarded as a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have an intriguing dark flavor. They're often used in blends to give extra body and a full tart, ripe fruit flavor. Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit. Robusta is a close second to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones. After you've learned about the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect cup. If Coffeee looking for a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.